Fundamental Physics

ASG

QRECT

Units

Instructor: Dr. J. E. Johnson, PhD
Distinguished Professor of Physics, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC
Email: jjohnson@sc.edu, Phone: 803-777-6431, Office PSC 405

Lecture Videos (Format: MP4)

1. Measurement & Vectors
   • 1.1 Data,Units & Metadata. (11:55)
   • 1.2 SI(Scientific International Units)-Primary Units Space,Time,Mass. (11:55)
   • 1.3 Unit Conversions. (8:37)
   • 1.4 Prefixes,Powers,Greek Alphabet as Symbols. (11:01)
   • 1.5 Scientific Notation & Numerical Uncertainty. (14:41)
2. Kinematics in One Dimension
   • 2.1 Motion of an object in space - Define velocity & acceleration. (14:41)
   • 2.2 Motion of one particle in one dimension. (14:41)
   • 2.3 Constant gravity problems. (13:49)
3. Kinematics in Two & Three Dimensions
   • 3.1 Vectors and Vector Products. (14:41)
   • 3.2 Projectile motion in two dimensions using vectors r(t) = (x(t) , y(t) ) and v(t) = (vx(t) , vy(t)). (9:20)
   • 3.3 Graphical view of motion in a river or with an air current using vectors graphically. (8:12)
   • 3.4 More complex projectile problems. (14:48)
4. Forces & Newtons Laws of Motion
   • 4.1 The concept of a force & Newton’s laws, (14:41)
   • 4.2 The Fundamental Forces. ()
   • 4.3 Derivative Forces. (13:14)
   • 4.4 Resolution of forces & their vector nature. (23:47)
   • 4.5 More difficult problems with forces. (15:35)
5. Uniform Circular Motion
   • 5.1 Circular motion and centripetal acceleration and force. (6:34)
   • 5.2 Problems and examples I. (16:16)
   • 5.3 Problems and examples II. (11:13)
6. Work & Energy
   • 6.1 Concepts of work and energy. (6:19)
   • 6.2 Definition of Work & Energy. (22:33)
   • 6.3 Power is defined as the rate of work or expending energy. (6:47)
   • 6.4 Conservation of Energy in a Closedoingd System – Example of Kinetic and Potential of a particle. (11:16)
7. Momentum and Impulse
   • 7.1 Momentum. (9:39)
   • 7.2 Totally inelastic collisions (momentum is conserved but energy is not) (16:21)
   • 7.3 Elastic (energy is conserved) and Partially Elastic Collisions (some energy is conserved) part I (6:50) - part II (5:35)
   • 7.4 Center of Mass, Equations of a system of particles, and Total momentum of a system part I(11:19) - part II (3:44)
   • 7.5 Impulse – When the force is very complex:part I(2:36) - part II(3:38)
8. Rotational Kinematics
   • 8.1 Angular position, velocity, and acceleration for circular motion. (10:44)
   • 8.2 Connection with translational motion. (14:52)
   • 8.3 Centripetal acceleration. (5:30)
9. Rotational Dynamics
   • 9.1 Introduction to Angular Force = Torque. (15:58)
   • 9.2 Examples of computing torque. (17:08)
   • 9.3 Moment of Inertia = the angular concept of inertia (mass) or resistance to angular acceleration. (8:51)
   • 9.4 Rotational Kinetic Energy part I (4:27) - part II (8:46)
   • 9.5 Angular Momentum. (12:46)
10. Gravitation
    • 10.1 Gravitational Force. ()
    • 10.2 Gravitational Field and vector form of the gravitational force. ()
    • 10.3 Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity which is a theory of gravity. (12:13)
11. Elasticity
    • 11.1 Elastic Distortion of Systems. (13:15)
    • 11.2 Other Stress Strain Relationships. (17:14)
12. Simple Harmonic Motion
    • 12.1 Harmonic Motion resulting from a system displaced from equilibrium. (19:11)
    • 12.2 Derivation of Simple Harmonic Motion with Fiction. (8:04)
    • 12.3 The General Homogeneous Solution:. xgh(t) part I (12:26) part II (11:04)
    • 12.4 The General Inhomogeneous Solution xai(t) for a constant and an oscillatory force.
    • 12.5 Discussion:
    • 12.6 The general nature and importance of this result
13. Fluids
    • 13.1 Fluid Flow Described. (7:05)
    • 13.2 Density, Specific Gravity. (12:31)
    • 13.3 Pressure, and Archimedes Principle. (17:05)
    • 13.4 Fluid Flow Equations. (10:51)
    • 13.5 Viscous Flow. (7:51)
14. Mechanical Waves & Sound
    • 14.1 Definition of waves and Key Concepts. (12:48)
    • 14.2 Sound Waves. (21:19)
    • 14.3 Critical Wave Equations. (8:46)
    • 14.4 Doppler shift. (4:15)
    • 14.5 The Logarithmic Nature of Responses to Stimulation. (5:22)
15. Linear Superposition of Waves, Interference, & Music
    • 15.1 Linear Superposition. (7:47)
    • 15.2 Wave Interference part I (4:52) - part II (5:24)
    • 15.3 The Foundation of strings and horns for musical instruments. (4:52)
    • 15.4 Air Columns. (7:58)
    • 15.5 Musical Frequencies. (10:18)
    • 15.6 Bach Equitempered Tuning. (8:10)
    • 15.7 Advanced aspects of acoustics and music. (6:08)
    • 15.8 Acoustical Reverberations. (6:48)
16. Temperature & Heat
    • 16.1 Temperature and Heat Defined. (10:46)
    • 16.2 Expansion of Heated Substances. (6:10)
    • 16.3 Addition of Heat Can Raise the Temperature. (10:38)
17. Transfer of Heat
    • 17.1 Transfer of Heat by Conduction. (19:33)
    • 17.2 Transfer of Heat by Radiation. (10:31)
    • 17.3 Transfer of Heat by Convection. (3:56)
18. Ideal Gas Law & Kinetic Theory
    • 18.1 Define the Mole, AMU, & Avogadro’s number. (7:25)
    • 18.2 Ideal Gas Law. (10:33)
    • 18.3 Diffusion: Irreversible process of Increasing Entropy. (5:17)
    • 18.4 Derivation of the Relationship of T to Average Kinetic Energy
19. Thermodynamics
    • 19.1 The Four Laws of Thermodynamics Described. (12:28)
    • 19.2 Mathematical Aspects of the First Law. (7:14)
    • 19.3 Specific heat capacities for gasses. (18:48)
    • 19.4 Efficiency of Heat Engines. (12:05)
    • 19.5 Mathematical Aspects of the Second Law. (4:13)
20. Electric Forces
    • 20.1 Fundamental Terms for Electrical Charge, Conductors, & Insulators (9:29)
    • 20.2 Coulomb’s Law (12:49)
    • 20.3 Formal Vector Form of Coulomb’s Law and with Multiple Charges (7:19)
21. Electric Field
    • 21.1 Description and Origin of the Electric Field Concept (14:20)
    • 21.2 Definition of the Electric Field (4:15)
    • 21.3 Electric Dipoles (3:48)
    • 21.4 Torque and Potential energy of a Dipole in an Electric Field (10:54)
22. Gauss’ Law
    • 22.1 Flux of the Electric Field and Gauss’ Law (13:29)
    • 22.2 E Calculations using Gauss’ Law (13:36)
23. Electric Potential & Potential Energy
    • 23.1 Introduction (7:34)
    • 23.2 Mathematical Form of Potential Energy (7:03)
    • 23.3 Mathematical Form of the Potential Function (5:30)
    • 23.4 Vector Calculus Mathematical Form (9:05)
24. Capacitance
    • 24.1 Definition of Capacitance (3:53)
    • 24.2 Types and Combinations of Capacitors (10:41)
    • 24.3 Dielectric materials (4:30)
    • 24.4 Capacitance values for other simple geometries (5:14)
25. Electric Current & Resistance
    • 25.1 Electric Current (3:38)
    • 25.2 Electrical Resistance (8:00)
    • 25.3 Resistivity – the inherent resistance for a given substance (not for an object) (10:19)
    • 25.4 Power (energy) loss (6:00)
    • 25.5 Current Density (6:09)
26. Direct Electrical Currents
    • 26.1 Kirchhoff’s Laws (8:50)
    • 26.2 RCV Circuit (15:23)
27. Magnetic Fields
    • 27.1 Magnetic Fields from Natural Objects and the Environment (9:56)
    • 27.2 Magnetic Force Equation on Charges and Currents (10:35)
    • 27.3 Magnetic Moments (8:32)
    • 27.4 Gauss’ Law for Magnetism – One of Maxwell’s 4 Equations (6:02)
    • 27.5 Motion of Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field (9:49)
28. Magnetic Field Sources
    • 28.1 The Source Equation for the Magnetic Field: The Biot-Savart law (10:56)
    • 28.2 The Magnetic Field for Simple Geometries (10:13)
    • 28.3 Force between parallel infinite conductors: - Definition of the Ampere (6:00)
    • 28.4 Amperes Law – One of the four fundamental Maxwell’s Equations (5:56)
    • 28.5 Diamagnetic Substances (like dielectric substances with E fields)
    • 28.6 Amperes Law as Modified by Maxwell – One of Maxwell’s Four Equations (8:41)
29. Faraday’s Law
    • 29.1 Faraday’s Law for Induced Electric Fields
    • 29.2 Lenz’s Law and Motion of a Conductor in a Magnetic Field (6:37)
30. Induction
    • 30.1 Self Induction
    • 30.2 The General RLV Circuit
    • 30.3 Transformers – Mutual Inductance
31. Alternating Electric Currents
    • 31.1 The General RCLV Circuit Equation (with constant voltage V0 )
    • 31.2 Three cases result from the square root:
    • 31.3 Discussion of Overdamped & Critically Damped
    • 31.4 Discussion of Underdamped (review the harmonic oscillator general equations)
32. Maxwell’s Equations
    • 32.1 Lorentz force equation
    • 32.2 Gauss’ law of electricity
    • 32.3 Gauss’ law of magnetism
    • 32.4 Faraday’s law of induction
    • 32.5 Ampere’s law modified by Maxwell
    • 32.6 The differential forms use equations
33. Solution in a Vacuum – EM Waves
    • 33.1 Overview of Maxwell’s Discovery
    • 33.2 Form of the EM Wave:
    • 33.3 Energy and Momentum of the EM Wave
    • 33.4 Doppler Effect:
34. Reflection of Light & Mirrors
    • 34.1 Plane Mirrors
    • 34.2 Spherical Mirrors
    • 34.3 Image Equation for Objects and Images in General & Magnification
35. Refraction of Light & Lenses
    • 35.1 Index of Refraction & Internal Refraction
    • 35.2 Brewster’s angle and Dispersion of Light
    • 35.3 Farsightedness & Nearsightedness - Aberrations
    • 35.4 Snell’s Law of Refraction:
    • 35.5 Applications: Magnifying Glass, Telescope, Microscope
36. Interference & Wave Nature of Light
    • 36.1 Linear Superposition
    • 36.2 Young’s Double Slit and Multiple Slits:
    • 36.3 Single Slit Diffraction
37. Special Relativity 1905
    • 37.1 Michelson –Morley Experiment c is constant!
    • 37.2 Einstein’s Special Theory
    • 37.3 Lorentz Contraction & Time Dilation
    • 37.4 Relativistic Energy Equation
    • 37.5 Lorentz Transformation
    • 37.6 The Relativistic Scalar Product in 4 Dimensions
    • 37.7 Four Momentum Vector
38. General Relativity & Astrophysics 1916
    • 38.1 Foundational Need for General Relativity
    • 38.2 Elevator experiment:
    • 38.3 Rotating Platform Mathematically:
    • 38.4 The Mathematical Theory of General Relativity:
39. Foundations of Quantum Mechanics – Particles & Waves
    • 39.1 Cavity Radiation - Plank
    • 39.2 Photoelectric Effect:
    • 39.3 Compton Scattering of photons and electrons:
    • 39.4 De Broglie Wave Hypothesis:
    • 39.5 Davisson – Germer Experiment
    • 39.6 The Wave Equation for Matter (must replace the old Newton equation for particles)
    • 39.7 Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
    • 39.8 Particle in a Box
40. Atomic Theory
    • 40.1 The Model of the Atom: Prior to 1911 and afterward:
    • 40.2 Bohr’s Model of the Atom:
    • 40.3 Pauli Exclusion Principle:
    • 40.4 Stimulated Emission of Radiation:
    • 40.5 Atomic Spectra Equation:
    • 40.6 Explanation of the Bohr Hypothesis by De Broglie:
    • 40.7 Schrödinger Equation:
    • 40.8 Pauli Exclusion Principle:
41. Nuclear Theory & Radioactivity
    • 41.1 Nucleons:
    • 41.2 Nuclear reactions:
    • 41.3 Half-Life & Radioactivity:
    • 41.4 Biological Effects of Radiation
    • 41.5 Nuclear Fission and Fusion
42. Elementary Particle Theory
    • 42.1 Elementary Particles:
    • 42.2 The Standard Model of Elementary Particles:
43. Cosmology
44. Appendix
    • 44.1 Mathematics Background
      • 1. The Number System(25:30)
      • 2. Infinite Numbers(10:59)
      • 3. ‘Scientific notation & Numbers to Other Bases(13:35)
      • 4. Numerical Uncertainty & Order of Magnitude Numbers(5:52)
      • 5. Data & Metadata(3:29)
      • 6. Supporting concepts in Logic – Origin in the special operations of logical & rational thought(7:22)
      • 7. Basic Algebra – Origin in expressing relationships among quantities represented by symbols(17:03)
      • 8. Geometry – Origin in characterizing geometrical shapes in 2 and 3 dimensions(11:35)
      • 9. Trigonometry(6:36)
      • 10. Series expansions – Originate in solutions to equations for transcendental values(15:24)
      • 11. Scalars, Vectors, Matrices, Tensors Linear Algebra & Matrix Theory(21:07)
      • 12. More Advanced foundations of vector notation for LVS (Linear Vector Spaces)(8:07)
    • 44.2 Energy & Power
      • 1. Energy Units
      • 2. Power Units
      • 3. Efficiency (approximate values)
      • 4. Population
      • 5. US Energy Usage

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